Radiological places

Places the second operational period in Buffalo Avenue Building 1; explicitly leaves the 1943 grinding location unknown.

Map connection: Corrects the former Globar attribution. Building-level coordinates and waste routes remain unresolved.

Documents occupational exposure, cleanup evaluation and Bethlehem residue transfers to LOOW; concludes significant residual contamination was not present after the 1952 end of operations.

Map connection: Plant marker only; neither a current radiological finding nor a verified creek or slag-disposal route.

Documents the 1955 pilot remelt of 40 pounds of uranium-contaminated stainless steel and 30 pounds of aluminum from Mallinckrodt, approximately 90 grams of uranium in total, a maximum input-material surface reading of 26,800 dpm/100 cm², slag produced by the melt, and separate July 10-11, 1956 bench-scale uranium-compound work. NIOSH found dose reconstruction feasible for the evaluated 1955-1956 class and proposed no SEC addition.

Map connection: Confirms a small, time-bounded radiological operation at TAM. It does not document the experimental slag's ultimate destination or connect TAM to a particular residential fill site.

Documents experimental grinding of ten uranium slugs in 1943 and a separate AEC fuel-development program from 1959 through 1967 involving uranium and uranium/plutonium materials.

Map connection: Strengthens the Carborundum facility history while leaving any claimed off-site waste or fill destination unproven unless a shipment, disposal, or analytical record is found.

The official finding aid records that EAD manufactured Am-241 smoke-detector foil elements circa 1977-1983 and released Am-241 to the Town of Tonawanda sanitary sewer, contaminating sewer lines, the sewage-treatment plant, and landfill. The state certified the property for future use in 1995 under applicable radiological guidelines.

Map connection: Adds a separate Tonawanda liquid/sewer and municipal-waste pathway. It must not be conflated with the older Linde/FUSRAP uranium network.

Records EAD's Am-241 smoke-detector foil operation, unsuccessful initial building decontamination attempts, and the discovery of Am-241 in the sanitary sewer leading from the facility.

Map connection: Primary administrative-history support for the EAD building and sewer pathway; it is separate from the Linde/FUSRAP uranium source history.

Explains that Am-241 released by EAD entered the sanitary sewer, concentrated in sewage-treatment sludge, passed through the municipal sludge incinerator, and was deposited in the eastern landfill. It reports 1988 characterization finding Am-241 as deep as seven feet in the identified landfill areas.

Map connection: Documents the sewer-to-sludge-to-incinerator-to-landfill route while distinguishing it from older Linde-related radionuclides found at the same broader landfill property.

Provides a federal process-to-waste framework for understanding how nuclear-weapons production generated environmental residues and cleanup obligations across the national complex.

Map connection: Research reference and interpretive framework; it is not a complete property inventory and does not itself establish a WNY disposal route.

Documents the early federal FUSRAP site-review framework and preserves historical facility context that can be compared with later eligibility, survey, and cleanup decisions.

Map connection: Core research reference; a facility's appearance or omission is not by itself proof of contamination, disposal, or cleanup status.

Record plans and 1990 and 2025 borings indicate slag beneath Abbott Road and around the Smoke Creek bridge abutments. The consultant recommends radiological screening and possible laboratory analysis for TENORM if elevated field readings are found.

Map connection: Supports the Southtowns investigation chapter as documented slag-infrastructure evidence. It does not establish that the Abbott Road slag is radioactive, so no contamination marker is drawn.

Documents the 2015 recycling-facility radiation alarm and identifies subsurface iron- and steelmaking slag at former Republic Steel as the source of low-level TENORM, with radium-226 as the principal isotope.

Map connection: Proves a radiological slag finding at former Republic Steel. It does not prove that TENORM-bearing material entered Buffalo Slag's historical construction products.

Directs the project designer to specify no slag in all details and to use stone in the Town right-of-way. The review gives no reason for the restriction.

Map connection: Documents a Town engineering instruction, not a radiological finding. It is retained as a policy-history lead and does not support a radiation marker.

Reports that Buffalo Slag operated the site from about 1913 to 1983 and processed slag from Hanna Furnace and Republic Steel for road base, embankment fill, and other construction uses.

Map connection: Establishes the historical processor and supply-chain link without characterizing the distributed product as TENORM.

Reports that Buffalo Slag purchased and removed accumulated Hanna Furnace slag, recovered entrained iron, and sold the remaining material for road-making bases or railroad ballast.

Map connection: Documents the Hanna-to-Buffalo-Slag distribution chain. It is not a radiological analysis of the sold product.

Lists multiple crushed blast-furnace slag and crusher-run products offered from Buffalo Slag's Woodlawn plant in Hamburg, including delivered prices and claimed NYSDOT specification compliance.

Map connection: Documents a Southtown municipal market for slag aggregate. It does not identify a particular placement or radiologically elevated batch.

Explains that slag and other TENORM-containing ore-refining byproducts were historically used beneath roadways and other construction projects because of low cost and useful physical properties, without consideration of inherent radioactivity.

Map connection: Establishes the statewide historical mechanism and handling framework. It does not identify a specific WNY property as containing TENORM.

Reports three surface locations inside the Love Canal boundary with readings slightly above normal background. NYSDOH stated that the readings did not exceed the health guideline then applied and continued depth sampling to investigate their source.

Map connection: Provides historical radiological context for Love Canal. It does not establish a present-day Black Creek Village anomaly, so WNY Atlas does not create a property marker from it.

Documents pesticide-affected fill investigations near Black Creek Drive and 100th Street, including elevated beta-BHC on isolated residential lots and plans to define and address the affected material.

Map connection: Supports the Black Creek Village watch section as historical chemical-fill evidence. It is not a radiological finding and does not support a thorium marker.

Records the determination that elevated beta-BHC contamination was confined to three lots at 9909 and 9903 Black Creek Drive and 1044 100th Street, and the plan to remove approximately 900–1,000 cubic yards of soil and replace it with clean fill.

Map connection: Documents the earlier Black Creek Drive fill removal that residents and local news connected to the renewed 2026 investigation. It does not establish radioactive material at those lots.

Records interviews in which contractors and former participants described slag hauling, disposal, and named fill destinations. These are investigator-reported recollections, not sworn testimony, sampling results, or an agency determination.

Map connection: Supports the separately styled Evidence Level C research-lead markers; it does not support a haul-route line.

Records that the Union Carbide Metals Division generated furnace slag, hydrated lime, and miscellaneous plant waste and disposed of those materials at an off-site facility at 56th Street and Pine Avenue.

Map connection: Supports an Evidence Level B industrial-disposal point at the historical 56th/Pine complex. It does not confirm the separate 1979 account of a fenced radioactive-slag burial area and does not assign the waste to modern CECOS, Newco/BFI, or Necco Park boundaries.

Summarizes the administrative record finding that a 2008 fingerprinting study found former Union Carbide slag markedly different from material recovered at the Niagara Falls Boulevard and Holy Trinity sites. The decision also describes FOIA and FOIL disputes over the underlying fingerprinting documents and related communications.

Map connection: Prevents the historical distribution leads from being presented as proof that Union Carbide supplied every mapped radioactive-slag site. WNY Atlas has not recovered the underlying laboratory file from a public repository and therefore reports the court's conclusion rather than adding unreviewed analytical details.

Documents the assessment methods, an estimated 500 tons of slightly elevated radiological fill, the limits of earlier EPA confirmation, and the recommendation to remove impacted fill.

Map connection: Supports the newer documented assessment pin at 4435–4445 Military Road.

Documents the mobile-home-community history, the 1978 contaminated-fill incident, and EPA's follow-up investigation of mercury in surface soils. Later DEC records report removal of approximately 1,200 cubic yards of mercury-contaminated fill in 1989.

Map connection: Supplies the earlier chemical-fill and mercury chronology for the full Fashion Outlets / former Sabre Park main-map record; it is not evidence that the 2014 radiological slag came from the same load or source.

Documents elevated radiological readings in historical slag backfill encountered during construction, the approximate trench extent, spectroscopy and waste-classification planning, and controlled handling requirements.

Map connection: Supports the Fashion Outlets/Sabre Park documented radiological-fill pin without assigning a historical supplier.

Documents MED/AEC and later licensed commercial operations, 505 tons of thorium- and uranium-bearing commercial slag buried on plant property, and the possibility that some demolition rubble reached the old Union Carbide/Newco dump.

Map connection: Corroborates industrial and dump context while explicitly not proving a distributed radioactive-slag route.

Documents the September 1979 aerial survey that identified elevated gamma-radiation locations for follow-up work.

Map connection: Predecessor survey to the 100-location ground investigation.

Reports the mobile and ground investigation of 100 elevated gamma anomalies, measurement tables, sample results, and the distinction between NFSS-related material and other slag or building materials.

Map connection: Primary source for every numbered historical dot on this map.

Provides post-remediation sampling results for the Niagara Falls Storage Site vicinity properties addressed during the 1983–1986 work.

Map connection: Supports the remediation history behind NFSS-related green-ring locations and vicinity properties.

Summarizes the evidence and post-remedial sampling tables used to certify completed vicinity-property work against federal criteria.

Map connection: Verification record for completed federal vicinity-property remediation.

Collects the decision documents supporting the NFSS remedy and explains active removal, off-site disposal, land-use assumptions, and future five-year reviews.

Map connection: Primary cleanup and storage-site record for the NFSS marker.

Records cleanup at Niagara Falls Boulevard, Upper Mountain Road, Holy Trinity-area residences, and Donovan Head Start, with activity dates and completion descriptions.

Map connection: Supports the later EPA removal-site layer and its cleanup dates.

Summarizes the 2015 assessment and completion of the four-year removal at four Niagara Falls Boulevard properties and an adjoining wooded area.

Map connection: Completion record for the Niagara Falls Boulevard cleanup marker.

Provides the federal site identifier, program status, administrative-record access, reports, and documents for the two-county assessment.

Map connection: Federal umbrella record for the current assessment layer.

Explains the phased aerial, vehicle, and ground-survey program and publishes current project documents.

Map connection: Primary state source for the generalized assessment overlay.

Reports approximately 380 areas of interest, about 220 cleared from additional testing, and about 160 advancing through ground surveys as of the presentation.

Map connection: Source for the current assessment counts displayed below the map.

Shows the published roadway-survey coverage used in Phase II of the current assessment.

Map connection: Authoritative roadway reference; WNY Atlas does not convert it into property-level contamination points.

Documents the movement of Linde residues to the former Haist/Ashland properties, later transfers to Ashland 2 and Seaway, completed remediation, and federal certification.

Map connection: Core audit record for the Erie County Linde–Ashland–Seaway network.

Records completion of response actions under the 2008 Mudflats and 2017 Landfill records of decision and describes long-term review responsibilities.

Map connection: Closeout record for the Tonawanda Landfill vicinity marker.

Announces the statutory review of whether the selected Seaway remedy remains protective; the final review is not yet available.

Map connection: Ongoing audit status for the Seaway marker—not a completed finding.

Documents the federal-contract operating period and methods used for reconstructing worker radiation dose at Hooker Electrochemical.

Map connection: Supports Hooker’s documented role processing uranium-bearing C-2 slag from Electro Metallurgical.

Independently reviews the technical basis used for Hooker worker-dose reconstruction and documents the C-2 slag recovery process and transfer from Electro Metallurgical.

Map connection: Government-docketed technical review of the producer/processor relationship.

Collects the technical basis, dose-reconstruction material, program evaluations, and advisory review record for uranium-metal production at Electro Metallurgical.

Map connection: Primary worker-history record for the Electro Metallurgical producer marker.

Identifies Linde’s Manhattan Project uranium-processing history and links federal occupational research concerning the workforce.

Map connection: Worker-research record for the Erie County Linde facility.